Before, During, and After the Great Depression - 733 Words

The Great Depression was a worldwide depression and was the worst depression the world has ever had. The Great Depression started in August of 1929. But the real effects of the depression were not felt until the stock market crash on Wall Street in October, 1929. Following the crash came a ten year long depression in the Western Industrialized Countries. Before the depression started, Calvin Coolidge was the president of the United States. He did not want to serve a second term because he saw the depression coming. Herbert Hoover was president when the depression started. The depression hit less than eight months into his term of office. After Hoovers first term, Franklin D. Roosevelt came into office. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 is commonly known as Black Tuesday. The Stock Market crashed on Black Tuesday and bankrupted thousands of businesses. This was caused by the sudden decline of stock prices and everyone pulling out their stocks at the same time. On the New York Stock Exchange, it was estimated that 880 issues were lost between $8,000,000,000 and $9,000,000,000 on Black Tuesday. Most people during went into a Panic. A Panic is when a group of people are hit with a sudden fear that causes them to not be able to think logically. There were many devastating effects caused from this crash. Many businesses and companies went bankrupt. When the depression hit rock bottom in the early 1933, one-third of the American workforce were unemployed. The percentage of peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Great Depression : A Worldwide Economic Downfall That Was Preceded By The Stock Market Crash Of 19291356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was a worldwide economic downfall that was preceded by the Stock Market Crash of 1929. The timing of when the event hit countries varied; for some it started in 1929 following the Stock Market Crash and for others didn’t begin until 1930 and lasted until the late 1930’s or early to middle 1940’s. It was the longest and most severe economic depression up to it’s time. The Great Depression affected many businesses, homes, families, people, and investors. During the 1920’s TheRead MoreAustralia and the Great Depression1704 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did Australia lead the world into Depression in the late 1920s and suffer its effects so gravely and for so long? Australia suffered significantly during the Great Depression of the late 1920s. Australia was one of the worst effected countries in the World. This essay will look at why Australia lead the world into Depression in the late 1920s and why it suffered from its effects for so long. A depression is defined as A period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterizedRead MoreAmerican Art Before and After World War Ii729 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Art before and after World War II Marty Rieth ARTS/125 June 27, 2016 Sarah Baer American Art before and after World War II The objective for the following paper is to discuss issues concerning American art before and after World War II. The discussion will include an examination of the artwork of three artists. Two artists will have worked during the Great Depression and one artist will have been an Abstract Expressionist. In discussing the artists’ work, a description ofRead MoreWorld War II And The Great Depression1658 Words   |  7 Pageshad positive and negative effects during and after the war. After the war, the formation of the United Nations helped negotiate and maintain peace, and during the war more jobs helped get the United States out of its biggest economic crisis, the Great Depression. Although, some economists argue that by creating more jobs during World War II, put America into even more debt than the country was already in. Standards of living lessened during the end of the Depression and the start of the war, but peopleRead MoreAmerican History : The Great Depression1688 Words   |  7 PagesBailey Jorgensen American history The Great Depression The Great Depression The Great Depression was a terrible time for people in the United States. With the stock market crash, there were many people without jobs, homes, or they didn’t have anything. Many Americans were left with nothing more than the clothes on their back and their family. Many banks and businesses had to close because on the stock market crash. Even though these times in the thirties seemed to be hard for most people, the AmericanRead MorePresident Hoover, A Brilliant Man1450 Words   |  6 Pageserbert Hoover, America’s 31st president, was unlucky enough to be president during the beginning and early years of the Great Depression. He was a brilliant man, but his ideas and beliefs would hurt his reputation and make him an inevitable one-term president. Firstly, Hoover passed many controversial bills during his time in office. An examples of this is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930. This law greatly increased a number of tariffs on a variety of imported goods. President Hoover signed theRead MoreThe Great Depression Of America1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression in America is often believed to have ended when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbour and the US entered WWII in December 1941. However, while an exact end date is a matter of debate, it’s obvious the end of the Great Depression correlates somewhat with the beginning of the war, leading many to believe WWII must have ended the Great Depression and triggered the economic recovery of the United States. Many historians believe that the government and military spending restimulatedRead MoreThe Great Downfall By The 1920 S Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a later day. Henry Ford once said, â€Å" Failure is only the opportunity to begin again, only this time more wisely†. After the First World War, many countries were left with an immense amount of debt load. Not many jobs were not being produced for veterans and cities were war struck. Nations and the world at large was in a catastrophic mess. Chances of things looking like before the War were slim. By the 1920’s, all views of negativity had changed. Canada’s economy seemed to boom more than everRead MoreSea Glass: Hardships during the Great Depression1347 Words   |  6 Pageson Wall Street in Many Years. Selling orders Swamp New York Market. Billions quoted. Values Fade’† (Shreve 133). Similar headlines most likely splashed across most newspapers on October 30, 1929, the day after the stock market crashed. From this date, the United States entered the Great Depression, the time period where the economy was at its lowest. Although signs were present, this era came as a shockwave to most citizens because the 1920s were times of extreme economic prosper. People’s lives wereRead MoreAnalysis Of O Brother, Where Art Thou1743 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Recession is when a neighbor loses his job, depression is when you lose your job† Ronald Reagan. Recession is only a temporary decline and depression is a long and extended period of economic failure. There was a crisis in America during the time period the movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? was based on. The Great Depression was occurring at that time and the characters in this movie reflected and showed was it was like to live in a time like that. Each character in the movie symbolized

Alexander The Great Of The King Of Macedon - 3961 Words

Alexander the Great embarked from Greece in 334 BC never to return to his homeland. He established an empire which not only spanned Europe and Asia but also united them. The extent to which Alexander’s life agrees with the statement is dependent on the definitions of a ‘Greek Crusader’ and ‘Persian King’. The Greeks (except Sparta) had abolished their kingdoms and replaced them with the democratic city states. Consequently, the concept of ‘kings’ and what it meant to be ‘Greek’ had become estranged with the result that Alexander may not have been able to embody this Greek culture as the King of Macedon. The definition of ‘Crusader’ poses an issue; in hindsight its medieval connotations do not appear to be appropriate but the role ‘Greek Crusader’ can be defined in this context as a pursuer of vengeance against the Persian sacrilege or as an advocator of Greek culture and religion through the use of f orce. The term ‘Persian King’ could not only be interpreted to resemble their style of rule but also their customs and the favouring of the Asiatic peoples. The evolution of these roles in both the way they were viewed and the way they developed is essential in understanding how accurate the statement is. First of all, we must assess the extent to which Alexander was Greek. Alexander could trace his ancestry through his mother to both Helen of Troy and Achilles, relatives who would inspire his later actions. From a young age he was influenced by Hellenic culture; under the reignShow MoreRelatedAlexander The Great, King Of Macedon1130 Words   |  5 Pagesunique. Coming from the Greek name Alexandros, Alexander meant â€Å"defending men† from the Greek alexo, â€Å"to defend. Help† and aner, â€Å"man†. The name Alexander also belongs to a hero of Paris in Greek mythology and belongs to several characters in the New Testament. Even know with all these Alexander’s, the biggest one was Alexander the Great, King of Macedon. Alexander the Great name spreaded all throughout Europe because of his great power and money. Kings of Scotland, Yugoslavia and Poland, eight popesRead MoreAlexander The Great, King Of Macedon1176 Words   |  5 PagesOriginating from the Greek name Alexandros, Alexander signified shielding men from the Greek word alexo, which implies to guard. Help and the Greek word aner, which implies man. The name Alexander additionally has a place with a legend of Paris in Greek mythology and has a place with a few characters in the New Testament. Indeed, even know with all these Alexander s, the greatest one was Alexander the Great, King of Macedon. Alexander the Great name spread all through Europe because of hisRead MoreThe King Of Ancient Greek Kingdom Of Macedon Alexander The Great1690 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the king of Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon Alexander the Great, Through every generation of the human race there has been a constant war, a war with fear. Those who have the courage to conquer it are made free and those who are conquered by it are made to suffer until they have the courage to defeat it, or death takes them. Alexander the Great was born in Pella on July 20, 356 B.C. His parents were king Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympia, daughter of King Neoptolemus. He was raisedRead MoreAlexander the Great is known as one of the most significant and most influential historical figures1000 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander the Great is known as one of the most significant and most influential historical figures of all time. Alexander the Great accomplished more than any other known military figure in ancient history, by conquering the entire Persian Empire and extending his own empire into India, he was without a doubt the most successful military figure in ancient history. There has never been a military leader that has accomplished so much, in only approximately 32 years. Alexander II of Macedon wasRead MoreWhat Made Alexander of Macedon Known as Alexander the Great?1114 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Alexander of Macedon is called â€Å"Alexander the great† and most successfully man in conquering the world known kingdoms? The answer is easy forward. Even though today after twenty-three centuries no man has accomplished like Alexander did. Alexander the Great, the king of Macedonia is one of the greatest military Intelligence of all times. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. He was son of Philip, King of Macedonia, and Olympias, the princess of neighboring EpirusRead MoreAlexander The Great : Why Is Alexander Considered Great?1669 Words   |  7 PagesALEXANDER THE GREAT Why is alexander considered great? Alexander III of Macedon or commonly known as Alexander the Great was the conqueror and king of the Persian Empire which is the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He was born on the 20/21st July 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. While in reign from 336 to 323 B.C, he united the Greek city-states and led the Corinthian League. He also became the king of Persia, Babylon and Asia as well as created Macedonian colonies in the regionRead MoreEssay on Alexander The Great1620 Words   |  7 Pages Few historical figures stand out in the same degree as that of Alexander the Great. He was a warrior by 16, a commander at age 18, and was crowned King of Macedon by the time he was 20 years old. He did things in his lifetime that others could only dream about. Alexander single-handedly changed the nature of the ancient world in just over a decade. There were many attributes that made Alexander â€Å"Great.† He was a brilliant strategist and an inspired leader; he led by example and was a conquerorRead MoreAlexander The Second Of Macedon Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Third of Macedon, commonly referred to as Alexander the Great, was king of the Ancient Macedon a Greek kingdom upon his father s death in 336 BCE. Alexander was born the son of King Philip of Macedon in the Greek city of Pella in 356 BCE. He succeeded his father and took reins of Macedon at age twenty. Alexander spent a large majority of his ruling years on an military campaign through Asia a nd northeast Africa. By 326 BCE at the age of thirty he lead one of the largest empires ofRead MoreAlexander The Great Of Alexander IIi Of Macedon1119 Words   |  5 PagesAlexander The Great Alexander III of Macedon Riding Bucephalus Into Battle Alexander III of Macedon or Alexander The Great was born on 20/21 July 356 BC in Pella, Macedon. He was the son of the king of Macedon. Alexander was many things, he was a prince, a king, a general, and much more. Alexander’s father was the King of Macedon, Philip II and his mother was his father’s fourth wife, Olympias, she was the daughter of Neoptolemus I, the king of Epirus. When Alexander was very young he was raisedRead MoreAlexander: Truly Great Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander, son of King Philip II of Macedon, is known as Alexander the Great. However, was he truly great? One may look at his many accomplishments to decide if he deserves the title. Sometimes character is the test of determining if a man is great. Alexander meets both standards with his philosophic background, conquering abilities, victories in battle, and outstanding accomplishments; therefore, he truly meets his title as Alexander the Great Alexander was born in 356 B.C. to King Philip II f

Walt Disney Concert Hall - 1522 Words

Public Spaces provide unique experiences and contribute to the identity of a city. Found as places like plazas, parks, marketplaces, within buildings, lobbies and many more. Public spaces are important to our society and therefore face more arguments in design and construction compared to private spaces. In order to create innovative public architecture, considered to be the most civic, costly, time intensive and physical of the arts, the project holds a degree of risk, strife, and negotiation . Overcoming these tasks and creating worthy public architecture is a challenge designers try to accomplish, but are rarely successful. The people involved in a potential public building, can be larger than the building itself. Public†¦show more content†¦And how would the building relate to the greater urban context?† Nicholas felt that to gain a clearer understanding of the issues involved, he arranged a research tour of great concert halls around the world in November 1987. After the research and experience the travelers shared, the Berlin Philharmonie Hall by Hans Scharon was one of the groups favorite for its combination of acoustical excellence and audience intimacy. From there Ernest Fleischman, head of LA Phil during the time, agreed he wanted the Disney Concert Hall â€Å"to be a single-purpose hall that is inviting, open and accessible to the street† and related it to the experience of the Berlin Philharmonie. The next step for the Walt Disney Concert Hall is a crucial one, choosing the architect for the Hall. The list began with eighty different architects from around the world. Through extensive processing and interviewing, the selection slimmed down to four architects: Goffried Bohm, Frank Gehry, Hans Hollein, and James Stirling. From the start many people in the Music Center were opposed to Frank Gehry and his reputation of being an architectural â€Å"wild man† . In the end Gehry demonstrated consideration of what the building in Los Angeles should be. Even though the designs Gehry presented during the competition were not used, Gehry showed his understanding for the program; the important relationship looking to be expressed between musician and audience and his previous work with other music venues. NowShow MoreRelatedThe Walt Disney Concert Hall is Leonard Koscianskis Astounding Architecture767 Words   |  3 PagesThe Walt Disney Concert Hall is an astounding work of architecture. Leonard Koscianski finished designing this work in 1991, but the process of construction lasted almost a decade. The cost of the building ended up exceeding the original figures, which slowed construction. With donations from private sources, including the Disney family and The Walt Disney Company, The Walt Disney Concert Hall finally opened on October 24, 2003. The cost of the concert hall was roughly 274 million dollars, and seatsRead MoreEssay about Architect of the Modern Age1219 Words   |  5 PagesFrank Gehry is a world renowned architect known for several important buildings such as the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao and the Walt Disney Concert Hall. He was born in Toronto Canada February 28, 1929 but moved with his family to Los Angeles, California in 1947(1). Gehry attended the University of Southern California and graduated in 1954 with a degree in architecture (1). In 1962, he established his own architectural firm in 1962 now called Gehry Partners, LLP (1). In the beginning, Gehry used theRead MoreThe Architects Use of Space712 Words   |  3 Pagestheir way towards the Poble Espanyol. Fig.5 Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles, CA On the other side of the scale we have Frank Gehry a postmodern architect who works with architectural space in a different way. To show you how we are going to take a closer look at the Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles. Walt Disney Concert Hall is the home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, an american orchestra, and was built in honour of Walt Disney. The Concert Hall is designed for the purpose of housing musicalRead MoreWalt Disney Concert Hall Critical Essay-When Art and Architecture Merge1245 Words   |  5 Pageshave toured, Walt Disney Concert Hall probably is the one that stands out most in my memory. Although I didn’t visit the interior of the Concert Hall, the exterior appearance left a profound impact on me influencing my view regarding the society and art. I feel astounded by how Gehry’s work can beautifully allow art and architecture to collide into a piece of functional aesthetic structure. Among all the nearby and typical buildings in the city of Los Angeles, Walt Disney Concert Hall, designed byRead More Frank Gehry Essay3167 Words   |  13 Pageswriter Karen Templer says, â€Å"There’s no reason to believe that, when all is said and done, his Guggenheim will stand out as his masterwork. After all, this is Frank Gehry† (1999). When Walt Disney’s wife, Lillian, donated 50 million dollars in his memory to built a concert hall for the Los Angeles Philharmonic, the business people involved knew this project was huge. After holding an architect competition, the jury picked Frank Gehry. At this point, Jury chair Nicolas KoshalekRead MoreA Brief Biography of Walt Disney702 Words   |  3 Pages ​Walt Disney was more than just the creator of the Disney Company. Walt Disney made theme parks, animations, screenplays, and other businesses. He was a very influential icon in the 1900’s for his works that impacted all walks of life. He had a 64 year life full of glory but eventually he died from chain smoking complications. (He was never seen smoking in public though.) Walt Disney was one of the most influential entertainers in the 1900’s for his numerous awards, his work in popularizing animationRead MoreQuestions On Downtown Los Angeles1158 Words   |  5 Pages1926 and now hosts theatrical performances, TV tapings, movie shoots, concerts, private events and much more. It’s also home to the Mighty Wurlitzer, one of the few pipe organs left in Southern California. Microsoft Theater Microsoft Theater is the place to go for productions and performances of all genres and styles. With one of the largest indoor stages in the United States, the Microsoft Theater presents everything from concerts to comedies. The venue has become one of Los Angeles’s foremost entertainmentRead MoreThe Center Of Entertainment At Hotel1109 Words   |  5 Pages1926 and now hosts theatrical performances, TV tapings, movie shoots, concerts, private events and much more. It’s also home to the Mighty Wurlitzer, one of the few pipe organs left in Southern California. Microsoft Theater Microsoft Theater is the place to go for productions and performances of all genres and styles. With one of the largest indoor stages in the United States, the Microsoft Theater presents everything from concerts to comedies. The venue has become one of Los Angeles’s foremost entertainmentRead MoreClassical Music And Its Influence On The Culture Of Western Music1603 Words   |  7 PagesPoetic Dissonance Classical music is earnest music engendered in the traditions of Western music. Many great composers were born in that era kenned as the mundane practice period. For my classical project I went to the Music Center’s Walt Disney concert hall. It has had many famous classical performances over the past few years. I witnessed something unique and enlightening when I entered the orchestra performance and heedfully aurally perceived all of this solemn music. I discerned many famousRead MoreMusic Concert Experience and Description Essay742 Words   |  3 PagesMusic Concert Experience and Description On October 19th I attended the State University Symphony Orchestra, State University Wind Symphony, and State University Choir concert, which was sponsored by the State University School of Music and Dance and was also held at in the Smith Recital Hall. Harold Warman conducted the SU Symphony Orchestra and the SU Wind Symphony

Vaccination Of Vaccination And Vaccination - 1585 Words

Vaccination is widely considered one of mankind’s utmost medical achievements. Diseases that were not long ago commonplace in society are now increasingly rare due vaccines. Despite this, the United States continues to allow vaccination exemptions for children on the basis of religious or philosophical beliefs. Today, the vast majority of states allow religious exemptions and a smaller, but still substantial, number of states permit the more troubling philosophical exemptions. The exemptions compromise vaccination programs and leave the population susceptible to outbreaks. Thus to stop the growing percentage of Americans claiming exemptions, the federal and state governments, could consider utilizing measures currently used in Australia and France that would further dissuade people from seeking such exemptions. History of Vaccination and Vaccination Mandates Prior to engaging in an investigation of the modern vaccination laws and policies it is first helpful to briefly explore the history of vaccines. The history of vaccines extends back centuries. The first recoded inoculation occurred in China around 1000 A.D. The history of subsequent centuries is riddled with epidemics and outbreaks throughout the world. The outbreaks often involved diseases that today are treatable through vaccination notably smallpox, measles, and pertussis (whooping cough). Edward Jenner created the first â€Å"true† vaccine in 1796. Jenner’s vaccine treated smallpox and gave its recipients immunityShow MoreRelatedVaccination Of Vaccination And Vaccination Essay1916 Words   |  8 PagesSummary Vaccinations have saved countless lives of children, adolescents and adults and have made diseases like small pox disappear. When a parent has vaccination hesitancy about vaccinations, do they fully understand what the vaccination is for, the safety of the vaccination, and the consequences that could happen if a child is not vaccinated? There is a great need in educating parents about vaccinations and how the vaccinations can prevent the spread of deadly viruses. Parents who are vaccine hesitantRead MoreVaccination Of Vaccinations For Vaccinations1371 Words   |  6 PagesI would never make a suggestion to an individual about vaccinations. This decision is and must be made by the individual. There is no one that knows you or your kids better than you and typically your doctor has a protocol that they must follow by law, so if you think that your doctors always have your best interest at heart think again. Thats why I would never want anyone to make a decision regarding their health without first doing their own research on the subject. That being said this is a persuasiveRead MoreVaccinations And Immunizations Of Vaccinations1597 Words   |  7 PagesVaccinations and immunizations are given by injecting a small sample of a known virus into the human body to strengthen the immune system. The body will fight off and become immune to the virus, no longer being able to contract the disease that the virus may cause. Although science has proven time and time again that vaccines are here to help our safety and us, some people are still skeptic about them and refuse to be vaccinated. This choice puts others at risk. Misinformation about vaccinationsRead MoreThe Controversy Of Vaccination Of Vaccinations1562 Words   |  7 Pageslight on this unfamiliar concept. My topic will be about the controversy of vaccinations. I am going to research its history, the effect on your body, advantages and disadvantages. I am also interested in the reasons behind not getting vaccinations for your children, even when the parents could be willingly risking their child’s health and other children’s health. Furthermore, I wonder how doctors and professors view vaccinations and if they believe vaccinating your children is mandatory. The reasonRead MoreThe Controversy Of Vaccination Of Vaccinations2442 Words   |  10 PagesMy topic will be about the controversy of vaccinations. I am going to research its usage, the effect on your body, advantages and disadvantages. I am also interested in the reasons behind not getting vaccinations for your children, even when the parents could be willingly risking their child’s health and other children’s health. Furthermore, I wonder how doctors and professors view vaccinations and if they belie ve vaccinating your children is mandatory. The reason why I chose this topic is becauseRead MoreVaccinations : The Importance Of Vaccinations2065 Words   |  9 PagesThe importance of vaccinations What is a vaccination? Why are they so important ? A vaccination is a live virus administered into the body to build immunity against deadly diseases. When a child is little and is exposed to a disease their bodies are not strong enough to fight it off and can make them very sick. Before vaccination came into play children would get diseases such as pertussis(whooping cough),polio,diphtheria, and tetanus, all of these being extremely deadly.Why would someone want toRead MoreVaccinations And Their Importance Of Vaccinations1594 Words   |  7 PagesHeather LÃ… se Professor Linda Lovell English Comp II 12 December 2015 Vaccinations and Their Importance Are vaccinations important and worth the risks? This is an age-old question that many people have asked since the creation of immunizations. Early last century, diseases like whooping cough, measles, and polio affected hundreds of thousands of people, killing thousands every year. According to the CDC, â€Å"More than 15,000 Americans died from diphtheria in 1921.† A vaccine was formulated for this diseaseRead MoreBenefits Of Vaccinations For Vaccinations1793 Words   |  8 Pages Benefits of vaccinations The debate over vaccinations has been a prevalent one throughout the course of medical history. A vaccination is â€Å"the injection of a killed or weakened organism that produces immunity in the body against that organism† (vaccines.gov). Vaccines are designed to provide immunization to certain illnesses. People of all ages are encouraged to get vaccinations not only to protect themselves but also for the safety of the public. Most children in the United States are given vaccinationsRead MoreVaccination Of The Vaccination Controversy1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vaccination Controversy in Ohio According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website, a vaccine is defined as â€Å"a product that stimulates a person’s immune system to produce immunity to a specific disease, protecting that person from disease† (â€Å"Immunization†, 2017). Children begin the vaccination process at birth and continue to receive vaccines throughout he or she’s adolescent years. The vaccinations are peremptory in the protection from diseases, such as, Hepatitis A, MeningitisRead MoreThe Vaccination1100 Words   |  5 Pagesrequired to receive vaccination to attend the university. This was made mandatory by the Jamie Schanbuam Act, which was passed in 2009. Jamie was a rare survivor of the disease who attended the University of Texas in 2008 (Hamilton). The most recent incident with this disease and college students was with a student by the name of Nicolis Williams at AM University. Nicolis was a 20-year-old economics major, and was also an off campus res ident who had not received the vaccination. Williams died within

Short Selling Restrictions on Curbing Stock Price Volatility

Question: Financial Markets Regulators worldwide recently Imposed Short-Selling Restriction on Financial Securities.The primary purpose of this was to kerb Excess Stock Price volatility. Discuss if these Restrictions Successfully achieved their purpose. Answer: Introduction: The financial economists consider short selling as an effective characteristic of the financial markets. According to the technical committee of the International Organisation of Securities Commission (IOSCO), short sale helps in delivering highly effective discovery of price, declining bubbles in the market, raising liquidity of the market, facilitating hedging and reducing upward manipulations of the markets. The academic literature highly concurs with this perspective and it represents short sellers in positive light. These short sellers are considered as the refined accounting information users, since they assist in aligning the share prices with fundamental value (Chang, Luo and Ren 2014). However, majority of the market regulators have blamed short selling due to loss in market confidence. The Financial Services Authority (FSA) in UK, the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) in Canada and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in US have flabbergasted the financial markets through implementation of a transitory ban on short selling of financial stocks on 18th September 2008. The other nations that had rapidly followed the suit by announcing identical changes in policy before the inauguration of the financial markets on 22nd September 2008 include Australia, Netherlands, Switzerland, Germany, France and Taiwan (Bebern and Pagano 2013). The basic intention behind such restriction on financial securities is to counter the ubiquitous tumult in the financial markets. In other words, it could be adjudged as a move to curb excess volatility of stock price (Beber, Fabbri and Pagano 2016). Thus, this assignment sheds light on ascertaining whether the restriction on short selling on financial securities have succeeded in achieving the above-stated purpose. Achievement of short selling restrictions on curbing stock price volatility: It has already been observed that the restrictions on short sale concentrate on the effect on share prices. According to the theoretical framework of Boehmer, Jones and Zhang (2013), the implication of short selling restrictions has been twofold. The first implication is that there is no availability of pessimists in the market and the optimists fail to consider the unavailability of pessimists at the time of price setting. The outcome is that with the enforcement of short selling restrictions, there is overvaluation of stock prices. The empirical studies support the theoretical perspective that short selling restrictions result in an obstructed process pertaining to price discovery. In the research work of Bohl, Klein and Siklos (2014), the intention was to explore the impact of short selling restrictions on overvaluation by taking into account the association between short interest level and successive stock returns. It has been found that the stocks have encountered a decline in ownership breadth, which denote that the limitations on access of short seller to borrow stocks. In addition, the stocks tend to possess high valuations and the stocks have underperformed due to which the breadth increased. Thus, the effectiveness of short selling banks on reducing stock decline concentrates on two major aspects, which are often considered as the merits of short selling restrictions. These two aspects include the performance of the stock market and its volatility. The following graph has been presented that represents the trend of the stock markets of Spain and Germany: Figure 1: Index volume of the Spanish and German stock indexes in 2012 (Source: Crane et al. 2016) The above graph denotes an indexed contrast of the Spanish stock index (IBEX) and the German stock index (DAX). The graph reveals that at certain times and under particular circumstances, the stock markets have risen and outperformed the stronger markets. On the contrary, many short selling restrictions have not witnessed any recovery and in most cases, they had no effect on downward moves (Fang, Huang and Karpoff 2015). In case of Spain, despite IBEX has outperformed DAZ following the instigation of the restriction, it does not consider the other influential dynamics. This is predominantly that the Spanish market has been underperforming severely in the global marketplace. Since the domestic problems were resolved with the help of actions like banking bailout, the Spanish market has been able to recover rapidly in contrast to many of its peers. Thus, by comparing the periods when the restrictions were in place and not in place, little correlation has been found between short selling and entire performance of the market. According to Helmes, Henker and Henker (2016), over greater timeframe and aggregated level, short selling levels have little correlation to the performance of the Spanish stock market; however, this does not indicate that the impact is nil. This is because during shorter timeframe and under particular circumstances, the activity of short selling could be a valuable indicator related to share performance. Thus, during this period, there is significant correlation. In accordance with the research work of Jain et al. (2013), the restrictions on short selling influence the inclusion of both affirmative and pessimistic information into the share price in a different manner. They are of the view that short sellers are not likely to involve in short selling for reasons related to liquidity; instead of keeping informed. The short selling transactions minimise the speed at which the prices are adjusted with the private information. It has been found that the spot market of Paris Bourse, in which there has been existence of the restriction, has denoted positive news significantly in contrast to negative news. The restrictions, when imposed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX), short sales are represented to the public right after execution. It has been found that short selling has higher influence on stock price compared to ordinary shares along with providing sufficient information to the short sellers. Even though the empirical work normally agrees on the notion that short selling restrictions affect the pricing efficiency, there has been mixed substantiation on whether short selling stabilises or destabilises the market. Thus, restrictions on short selling could be a direct reason or essential condition for unwarranted volatility and bubbles (Li et al. 2014). However, the short selling restrictions have hindered arbitrage and they have contributed immensely to the 2000 stock market bubble. Thus, short selling constraints have helped in deterring some of the market participants from front running the investors that would restrict financial crises. Thus, in other words, short selling c ould destabilise the economy of the nation. In addition, it has been found that the share prices include negative information rapidly in nations, in which short selling is allowed. Thus, it supports the notion that the constraints associated with short selling are associated with smaller negative skewness in market returns. The global financial crisis of 2008 has initiated in US; however, it has spread rapidly to the other global financial markets. The equity market turbulence has resulted in implementation of short-term selling ban in many nations. Before the enforcement of this ban, naked short selling has been restricted for some ASX transactions, which are mentioned in Section 1020B of the Corporations Act. On 19th September 2009, the Australian Security and Investments Commission (ASIC) have responded to the issues, which the international market conditions are going through due to stock short selling of the stocks (Massa, Zhang and Zhang 2015). The financial securities that have been restricted from short selling in Australia comprise of the following: Securities belonging to SP?ASX200 including property funds Five Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) regulated organisations that include Wesfarmers, The Rock Building Society, Wide Bay Australia, Futuris Corporation and Calliden Group. After the imposition of the ban, it has been found that the turnover of average dollar for the Australian stocks has been $37.588 million in 2009, which is 0.77% of the overall market turnover on ASX. On the other hand, the turnover of average dollar has been $29.285 million, which is 0.55% of the overall TSX market for Canadian stocks. Thus, the Australian stocks have illustrated inferior performance in relation to their counterparts of Canada in terms of market quality, which are measured with the help of bid-ask spreads and intraday volatility (Mohamad, Jaafar and Goddard 2015). Thus, it could be inferred that the Australian stocks display bugger spreads and greater intraday volatility in contrast to the control Canadian stocks despite the constraints on short-term selling. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it has been found that short selling helps in delivering highly effective price discovery, declining market bubbles, enhancing market liquidity, facilitating hedging and reducing upward manipulations of the markets. These short sellers are considered as the refined accounting information users, since they assist in aligning the share prices with fundamental value. Finally, politics has been the major force behind the enforcement of restrictions on short selling. The bans might have a place and the restrictions are necessary to prevent the turmoil of the financial markets. However, it has been difficult to prove that without such restrictions, things might become worse. In addition, the potential related to short selling restrictions might cause additional problems, instead of solving, which need not be ignored. This is because the Australian stocks have not performed better in contrast to the Canadian stocks and similar is the case of Spanish stock market c ompared to the German stock market. Thus, there is minute evidence of supporting the idea of their usefulness. References: Beber, A. and Pagano, M., 2013. Short?selling bans around the world: Evidence from the 200709 crisis.The Journal of Finance,68(1), pp.343-381.0. Beber, A., Fabbri, D. and Pagano, M., 2016. Short-selling bans and bank stability. Boehmer, E., Jones, C.M. and Zhang, X., 2013. Shackling short sellers: The 2008 shorting ban.Review of Financial Studies, p.hht017. Bohl, M.T., Klein, A.C. and Siklos, P.L., 2014. Short-selling bans and institutional investors' herding behaviour: Evidence from the global financial crisis.International Review of Financial Analysis,33, pp.262-269. Chang, E.C., Luo, Y. and Ren, J., 2014. Short-selling, margin-trading, and price efficiency: Evidence from the Chinese market.Journal of Banking Finance,48, pp.411-424. Crane, A.D., Crotty, K., Michenaud, S. and Naranjo, P.L., 2016. The causal effects of short-selling bans: Evidence from eligibility thresholds. Fang, V.W., Huang, A.H. and Karpoff, J.M., 2015. Short selling and earnings management: A controlled experiment.The Journal of Finance. Helmes, U., Henker, J. and Henker, T., 2016. Effect of the ban on short selling on market prices and volatility. Accounting Finance. Jain, A., Jain, P.K., McInish, T.H. and McKenzie, M., 2013. Worldwide reach of short selling regulations.Journal of Financial Economics,109(1), pp.177-197. Li, B., Stork, T., Chai, D., Ee, M.S. and Ang, H.N., 2014. Momentum effect in Australian equities: revisit, armed with short-selling ban and risk factors.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,27, pp.19-31. Massa, M., Zhang, B. and Zhang, H., 2015. The Invisible Hand of Short Selling: Does Short Selling Discipline Earnings Management?.Review of Financial Studies,28(6), pp.1701-1736. Mohamad, A., Jaafar, A. and Goddard, J., 2015. Short-selling ban and cross-sectoral contagion: Evidence from the UK.Journal of Asset Management,16(7), pp.484-501.

Group Communication free essay sample

The individual communication is usually easier when you are talking about a specific issue pertaining to you, and its generally easier to ask questions and not feel bad or embarrassed by your questions. In a group communication its better to learn from others. Say you are in a group communication and you are all working on the same project, everyone feeds off the other, to come up with more improved ideas, and often you learn something you didnt know before. The only downfall with a group communication is that everyone talks, and sometimes its a bit hard to talk or put your idea out there, and some people find if difficult to talk in front of people. * - What conflict resolution strategies could be used in case of disagreement? The most important strategy plan would be establish the principles of discussion before engagement. When problems arise address them right away, do not wait till its too late to talk about. We will write a custom essay sample on Group Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its not often that everyone in the group is going to agree about the same thing, but let it be know what you do not agree with or what you do agree with right away. if you feel that the conversation needs to be held after the meeting let it be know right away that you need to talk after the meeting. There will always be several disagreements, and each one has to be dealt with differently, and we should always make sure there is a difference. Then we need to make sure the information is accurate. We will need to looking into the requirements of the disagreements, and try to find an alternative so that all involved can agree. The final and I think very important is to repair any negative feelings, you never want to leave a meeting with a person that is so upset, if you do this then that person will sit and stew on everything and bad things could come of it. * - What strategies can be used to foster group communication? Provide examples of how these strategies can be used. Each group interaction will be different, and the best practice is to have a very knowledgeable leader. For instance at work we all have a boss, and that person is our boss because he/she has proven themselves. We all learn by example and they are there to help us move up, as they once were in our uses. A great leader makes for a great group.